獨立主格結構及其用法歸納
华体汇体育电 曹麗梅
獨立主格結構（Absolute Norminative Construction）是以一個單獨的主格代詞或主格（也叫通格）名詞，作為邏輯主語，加上一個分詞、動詞不定式、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語等作為邏輯謂語而構成的複合結構。其作用相當於狀語從句或狀語，在句中用來表示時間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況。這種結構多用於書麵語中。獨立主格大體有以下幾種結構：
1.名詞（代詞）+現在分詞；（現在分詞表示與其邏輯主語是主動關係）
Spring coming on, the trees turned green. 春天來了，樹都綠了。
The coward was backing, his face being deathly pale toward another room.那個膽小鬼向另一個房間退去，臉色煞白。
2.名詞（代詞）+過去分詞；（過去分詞表示與其邏輯主語是被動關係）
She stood there, her hands crossed on the chest. 她雙手叉在胸前站在那兒。
The question settled, they went back to their respective posts. 這問題解決後，她們就回到各自的崗位上去了。
Everything taken into consideration, this plan seems to be more feasible.
把一切考慮在內，這個計劃看起來可行。
3.名詞（代詞）+不定式；（不定式用來表將來的動作）
Please finish the first exercise in class, the second to be done after class as your homework. 課堂上請完成練習一，練習二作為課後作業。
So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人來幫助他，他一定會成功的。
4.名詞（代詞）+形容詞；
The students were listening to the teacher, their eyes wide open. 學生們睜大眼睛在聽老師講課。
The food delicious, I was full.食物非常可口，我也很飽了。
5.名詞（代詞）+副詞；
This little excitement over, nothing was to be done but to return to a steadfast gaze at my mute companion.一陣小小的興奮過後，除了再去死死地盯著我的啞伴外，別無它事可幹了。
6.名詞（代詞）+介詞短語；
The old professor came into the lab, book in hand. 老教授手裏拿著書走進了實驗室。
The mayor of Hiroshima strode at a leisure pace toward the puzzled journalist, a bunch of flowers in his hands.廣島市市長雙手捧著一束鮮花，邁著方步走向那個迷惑不解的記者。
所有上述獨立主格結構的六種形式均可以由with或without+名詞（代詞）+現在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語引導。這種用法中的with不表達什麽意義，因而常可省略。表示伴隨情況時，既可用分詞的獨立結構，也可用with的複合結構。如：
(1) He stood there, his hands raised. = He stood there, with his hands raised.他舉手著站在那兒。
(2)The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
答案D. with +名詞（代詞）+分詞結構。由於本句中名詞"手"與分詞"綁"是被動關係，因此用過去分詞，選D.
7．名詞（代詞）+名詞；
Her son a bus driver, she goes to the city easily. 她兒子是司機，因此她進城很方便。
A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, most of them women. 一個有15名印度人的專家組，組織了一個有400句柬埔寨人的勞動大軍，其中多數是婦女。
8．There being+名詞（或代詞）（這種結構是存在句型的獨立主格結構，主要用於there be…結構作狀語時的情況。）
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 沒有再要討論的事了，我宣布散會。
There being your help, I’ll be able to complete the task.有你的幫助，也許我能完成這個任務。
9．It being+表示“時間、距離、天氣”等概念的名詞。
It being a bank holiday, all the shops were shut. 這一天是銀行假日，所有的商店都關門了。
It being not far away from here to my school, I walk there every day. 這離我的學校不遠，我每天步行到那兒。